## [Claude Shannon](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Shannon)



in 1948 [A Mathematical Theory of Communication](https://knowen-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/file/2014/shannon1948.pdf). Necessary to understand the style of Shannon from [Tribute to Shannon](https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/117d/d9654162e75785e8414588a2b97318d0639f.pdf)

[Creative Thinking](http://www1.ece.neu.edu/~naderi/Claude%20Shannon.html) Claude Shannon at Bell Lab March 20, 1952

Interestingly, [the noise has a cost](https://knowen-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/file/2096/Arnott%2B2005%2Bwhat%2Bcost%2Bnoise.pdf) by Arnott, see various connections to the finance topics of [Leverage and Uncertainty](https://knowen.org/nodes/22789?path=1-616-22789) as well as to [Quality and Uncertainty](https://knowen.org/nodes/24503), which is why [markets are informationally INefficient](https://knowen-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/file/2084/grossman_stiglitz__1980_%2Bon%2Bthe%2Bimpossibility%2Bof%2Binformationally%2Beficient%2Bmarkets.pdf).