## [**motivation and demand for AI Hardware**](https://knowen.org/nodes/27013?path=1-24392-24509-25377-24896-25517-27013) ## Binary Neural Networks and Deep Learning 2016 Matthieu Courbariaux, Yoshua Bengio [Binarized Neural Networks: Training Deep Neural Networks with Weights and Activations Constrained to +1 or -1](https://arxiv.org/abs/1602.02830) 2015 [Review - Deep learning](https://knowen-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/file/5073/NatureDeepReview.pdf) Yann LeCun, Yoshua Bengio, Geoffrey Hinton ## Error Tolerance 2019 T. Hirtzlin [Outstanding Bit Error Tolerance of Resistive RAM-Based Binarized Neural Networks](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.03652.pdf) ## [Basics of STT-MRAM and other non-volatile MRAMs](https://knowen.org/nodes/27036?path=1-24392-26506-24504-25344-25511-27036) https://www.mram-info.com/stt-mram [latency, endurance, retention](https://knowen.org/nodes/27069) ![c](https://knowen-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/file/5130/C4A89739-4928-4549-A30E-51E713B4F258.jpeg 'c') 2018 JP Wang [INVITED: A Pathway to Enable Exponential Scaling for the Beyond-CMOS Era](https://knowen-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/file/5071/a16-Wang-2j6mokh.pdf) [2019 - MRAM Technology and Business](https://s3.i-micronews.com/uploads/2019/07/YD19035_MRAM-Technology-and-Business-2019_August_2019_Sample.pdf) - the physics of [Magnetoresistive RAMs,](https://knowen.org/nodes/27019?path=1-24392-26506-24504-25344-25511-27019) including stt-MRAM, and [the types of computing](https://knowen.org/nodes/25530?path=1-24392-24393-23357-25517-25530) 2018 [Beyond CMOS computing with spin and polarization](https://knowen-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/file/3731/Beyond%2BCMOS%2Bcomputing%2Bwith%2Bspin%2Band%2Bpolarization.pdf) Sasikanth Manipatruni, Dmitri E. Nikonov    and Ian A. Young ## Business Opportunity at the [EDGE and IoT](https://knowen.org/nodes/25299) [GS series](https://knowen.org/nodes/25070) - 2018 [How edge computing will augment the cloud & unlock real-time, big data applications](https://knowen-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/file/3078/edge%2Bcomputing.pdf) 2018 McKinsey [New demand, new markets: What edge computing means for hardware companies](https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Industries/Technology%20Media%20and%20Telecommunications/High%20Tech/Our%20Insights/New%20demand%20new%20markets%20What%20edge%20computing%20means%20for%20hardware%20companies/New-demand-new-markets-What-edge-computing-means.pdf) [Mapping the 100bn IT spending opportunity](https://knowen-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/file/3076/AI%2Bhardware.pdf) - software for the edge devices [tinyML as edge ecosystem](https://knowen.org/nodes/27107?path=1-24392-24509-25377-24896-25544-27105-27107) as well as [the related libraries](https://knowen.org/nodes/27117?path=1-24392-24509-25377-25299-27105-27117) ## [In-memory computing architecture](https://knowen.org/nodes/27132) 2020 Bavikadi [A Review of In-Memory Computing Architectures for Machine Learning Applications](https://knowen-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/file/5131/GLS_IMC20.pdf) 2019 Bing Li [An Overview of In-memory Processing with Emerging Non-volatile Memory for Data-intensive Applications](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.06603.pdf) ## Some, not necessarily analog type, examples of stt-MRAM based accelerators Ameya D. Patil 2018(?) [An MRAM-based Deep In-Memory Architecture for Deep Neural Networks](http://shanbhag.ece.illinois.edu/publications/ADP_ISCAS_MRAM_2019.pdf) IBM Angizi 2019 [MRIMA: An MRAM-based In-Memory Accelerator](https://knowen-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/file/5132/angizi2019.pdf) Yu Pan 2018 [A Multilevel Cell STT-MRAM-Based Computing In-Memory Accelerator for Binary Convolutional Neural Network](https://knowen-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/file/5133/08403888.pdf) ## some examples of commercial products [Mythic - the product - M1108 ANALOG MATRIX PROCESSOR](https://www.mythic-ai.com/product/analog-matrix-processor/) [Syntiant - the product - Always-On Sensor & Speech Recognition Processor -NDP100](https://www.syntiant.com/ndp100) ## Collections of further links ... a bit chaotic,it needs re-organising [STT-MRAM - computing](https://knowen.org/nodes/27020?path=1-24392-24393-24453-25358-27055-27020) [Crossbar circuit for MRAM](https://knowen.org/nodes/27034?path=1-24392-24393-24453-25358-27055-27020-27034) [Learning with CIM-stt-MRAM](https://knowen.org/nodes/27311?path=1-24392-24393-24453-25358-27055-27020-27311)