## https://semiengineering.com/11-ways-to-reduce-ai-energy-consumption/

## Horowitz[[Video]]

energy problem[[Lecture ]]

## 2019 [IBM Launches Research Collaboration Center to Drive Next-Generation AI Hardware](https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2019/02/ai-hardware-center/)


## classical physics of computing

1 attoJ = 6.24 eV

$ 1 k_B T_{298K} = 0.026 eV$ or $1 eV \approx 40 k_B T $


CMOS operation - energy by comp-cycle $ 1 ns * 400 eV = 1.5 * 10^{-28} J * s$

Planck constant $6 * 10^{-34} J * s $ is much smaller than CMOS operation energy-delay product

## units and conversions  https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/prefixes.html


$ femto = 10^{-15} $

$atto = 10^{-18} $