*Many tools and platforms for open research already exist; which features are still missing in these tools? How can we imagine innovations that go beyond ‘just another tool’—that are game changers?*

Problem of existence of lots of different tools: by using them, we don’t maximize common knowledge. The more tools we create, the more we dilute this knowledge.

Need a cloud/electronic Kiva!

## What works with existing systems
*	Conversational platforms (blogs, SO, etc.)
*	Peer review process? With perhaps some changes, e.g., editors mediate more actively
*	But is an open science ethos compatible with blind review?
	
## Key unmet needs of existing tools
*	Who to trust? 
	*	How do we develop metrics of “quality of character”? This would encompass…
		*	History of contributions (quantity work per project; retractions; some classifications of leaders, contributors, followers)
		*	Perhaps a test project to assess interested collaborators, esp. graduate students, post-docs
		*	How to measure intrinsic motivation, students who seek opportunities actively?
*	How to democratize access to collaboration networks?
	*	How to lower barriers to entry?

## Existing tools
*	PeerLibrary, Hypothes.is
*	Fermat’s Library
	*	Fermat’s library has a Chrome extension called Librarian for commenting on arXiv papers. If it works that would be great, but it is missing users - I tried it on several maths papers on arXiv but there have been no comments. This may be due to some design problems, or simply lack of exposure to researchers.
*	Github
	*	Github is a great tool for open research. The only problems are 1. Steep learning curve for those not familiar with Git / UNIX; 2.  No maths rendering support - yes one can host .tex files on Github, but there is no way to have a discussion involving mathematics on Github; 3. Not suitable for hosting data of nontrivial size, but this can be mitigated by hosting data on e.g. Dropbox and providing a link on Github.
*	(what’s missing in) Wikipedia
	*	No one has control of the contents. One’s contribution can be easily overwritten by another person
	*	Deletionist problem: any entry deemed “not notable enough” risks fast deletion. I imagine many cutting edge research topics can get deleted for this.
    * No attribution/credit or performance measure
	*	No original research.
*	Stackexchange / mathoverflow
	*	Q&A websites, not meant for discussion like Github issues
	*	Questions can be put on hold / locked etc. due to all kinds of reasons even if legitimate
* Technical discussion
	* Discourse https://www.discourse.org/
*	Hackernews
	*	Great forum for high quality discussions, heavily moderated
	*	But not for science research
*	Online document editing: overleaf/sharelatex, google docs
	*	Overleaf/sharelatex are just for latex and relatively slow to compile
    * Need to be online to access/edit
	*	Google docs is not ideal from a privacy point of view
*	Open knowledge map
	*	Use of meta data to create knowledge maps for specific keywords
	*	Would be even better with a time series (e.g. how did a discourse develop over time; i.e. new keywords show up and become bigger or a keyword enters a new field …) 
*	arXiv
	* 	Overlay comment systems: [SciRate](https://scirate.com/), [VoxCharta](http://harvard.voxcharta.org/).
    *  overlay journals: SciPost, Quantum
* Open Journals http://www.theoj.org/
* Online collaboration/publishing
	* Open Science Framework https://osf.io/
    * Pubpub https://www.pubpub.org/
    * knowen.org
* New/better interactive ways to present technical information (read only)
	* Interactive geosci resource https://geosci.xyz/
    * Rowan's dream https://row1.ca/on-my-website-2018
    * Victor's dream http://worrydream.com/#!/ScientificCommunicationAsSequentialArt

## Higher level concepts
* data mists
* blockchain republic
* moon shot

A hacker news for science would be useful. For one thing, we can post links to results of this workshop on it for maximum exposure.

If a tool is to be universally useful (for all scientists), it needs to solve universal problems.  Do scientists have universal problems that one tool can solve?