The range spaces of powers of a linear transformation form a descending chain

Created almost 9 years ago, updated about 8 hours ago

For an operator, $\operatorname{range}T^{k+1}\subseteq\operatorname{range}T^k$, because $T^{k+1}x=T^k(Tx)$. In finite dimension the chain stabilizes by the dimension bound. Its stabilized subspace is the generalized range. Images can keep shrinking without stabilization in infinite-dimensional spaces.

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